We present results from a high precision experimental study of the nuclear modification of the longitudinal ($F_L$) to transverse ($F_1$) structure function ratio for bound nucleons in the resonance region. The inclusive electron scattering cross sections were measured in Jefferson Lab Experimental Hall C…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 112501] Published Wed Sep 09, 2026

In the established paradigm of jet quenching in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, jets from initial hard parton scatterings are suppressed due to their interaction with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), serving as crucial tomographic probes of QGP properties. Within the linear Boltzmann transport model…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 102301] Published Fri Sep 04, 2026

We found that a heavy target such as Pb is most suitable for determining the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei through charge-changing cross-section (${\sigma }_{\mathrm{cc}}$) measurements. Experimentally, low-$Z$ targets are routinely used to determine nucleon distribution radii of unstable isotopes. This appr…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 102502] Published Fri Sep 04, 2026

The ground state of the three-proton emitter ${}^{17}\mathrm{Na}$ has been identified. Energy correlations between the protons and the ${}^{14}\mathrm{O}$ residue indicate that its decay is sequential initiated by the emission of a single proton to the ground state of ${}^{16}\mathrm{Ne}$ followed by simultaneous emission of two protons to the gr…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 102501] Published Wed Sep 02, 2026

We present converged ab initio calculations of short-range neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu \beta \beta$)-decay nuclear matrix elements for the key experimental isotopes ${}^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$, ${}^{82}\mathrm{Se}$, ${}^{130}\mathrm{Te}$, and ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$. Starting from different nuclear forces derived from chiral effective field theory, we apply the in-medium similarit…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 092501] Published Wed Aug 26, 2026

Nonthermal attractors govern the emergent self-similar dynamics of far-from-equilibrium quantum systems, from ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions to cold-atom experiments. Within the framework of adiabatic hydrodynamization, the approach to a nonthermal attractor is described by the decay of excite…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 082303] Published Fri Aug 21, 2026

Isotopic measurements of presolar silicon carbide grains from dying stars have revealed a puzzling overabundance of ${}^{94}\mathrm{Mo}$ that stellar nucleosynthesis models have failed to reproduce for two decades. This discrepancy challenged our understanding of the slow neutron-capture process ($s$-process) that fo…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 082701] Published Tue Aug 18, 2026

Light-ion collisions at the LHC reveal collective hydrodynamic flow with a larger elliptic flow in central Ne-Ne collisions than in OO collisions that might be due to the bowling-pin nuclear shape of ${}^{20}$Ne.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 082301] Published Mon Aug 17, 2026

Light-ion collisions at the LHC reveal collective hydrodynamic flow with a larger elliptic flow in central Ne-Ne collisions than in OO collisions that might be due to the bowling-pin nuclear shape of ${}^{20}$Ne.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 082302] Published Mon Aug 17, 2026

Observation of the ground-state rotational band in ${}^{252}$Fm provides compelling evidence that $Z=100$ and $N=152$ act as a deformed doubly magic shell closure.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 082501] Published Mon Aug 17, 2026

We study the spatiotemporal patterns of density fluctuations in ${}^{16,24}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ using nuclear interactions from chiral effective field theory and the time-dependent coupled-cluster method. We find that two-particle–two-hole excitations generate small-amplitude fluctuations that are fast, short-range…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 072502] Published Thu Aug 13, 2026

The onset of nuclear effects in light-ion collisions is studied by measuring the ratio of $D^0$ meson production between NeNe and OO collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.36 TeV recorded by the LHCb detector. The $D^0$ meson yields are measured differentially in transverse momentum (${\dots }_{}$

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 072301] Published Tue Aug 11, 2026

We use heavy-nucleus effective field theory to compute radiative corrections to two-neutrino double-$\beta$ decay ($2\nu \beta \beta$). Our main result is the first derivation of a universal radiative-correction factor for double-weak decays—the analog of the Sirlin function in single-$\beta$ decay—independent of nuclear mat…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 072501] Published Tue Aug 11, 2026

Dense nucleonic matter is of vital importance for understanding compact stars and inferring the transition into deconfined quark phase. We present ab initio exact calculations of infinite nucleonic matter with the state-of-the-art full configuration-interaction quantum Monte Carlo method, enabling u…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 062503] Published Fri Aug 07, 2026

The applicability of hydrodynamics in small collision systems remains controversial due to the small size and short lifetime of the system. In this Letter, we employ viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics (VAH), which incorporates large pressure anisotropies, to study the collectivity in $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}$ collisions a…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 062301] Published Thu Aug 06, 2026

High-precision multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been applied at BigRIPS-SLOWRI of the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF). The atomic mass of ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ar}$ was measured for the first time, and the mass value of ${}^{49}\mathrm{Ar}$ was determined to be 674 keV lower than the one from a previous $B\rho -$ T…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 062502] Published Thu Aug 06, 2026

The precise quantification of fusion suppression in heavy-projectile induced reactions is obscured by dominant noncompound processes, limited data, and uncertain models. Mass-total kinetic energy (MTKE) distributions for the reaction ${}^{54}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ were measured at three beam energies, $E_{\mathrm{beam}}=261$, 271, a…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 062501] Published Tue Aug 04, 2026

Energy correlators have recently attracted significant attention in the study of heavy ion collisions due to their potential to robustly connect experimental measurements with an underlying quantum field theoretic description. While theoretical studies have so far primarily focused on the simplest t…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 052302] Published Fri Jul 31, 2026

According to quantum chromodynamics, at sufficiently high energy, the structure of hadrons reveals a dynamic equilibrium between gluon splitting and gluon recombination—a phenomenon known as saturation. The process of diffractive photonuclear production of a $J/\psi$ vector meson provides a direct insigh…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 052301] Published Wed Jul 29, 2026

An important validation of nucleosynthesis models of core-collapse supernovae is the comparison of radioisotope predictions to abundances inferred from observations of $\gamma$ rays emitted in remnants. One such isotope, ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$, is especially sensitive to the ${}^{57}\mathrm{Ni}(p,\gamma ){}^{58}\mathrm{Cu}$ reaction rate. Despite this importa…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 052702] Published Wed Jul 29, 2026

Our understanding of the origin of heavy elements beyond iron relies on the rapid neutron capture process ($r$ process), which accounts for roughly half of their cosmic abundance. However, the extreme neutron-rich conditions required for the $r$ process involve many nuclei that remain experimentally ina…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 052701] Published Tue Jul 28, 2026

Because of its parabolic character, the diffusion equation exhibits instantaneous spatial spreading and becomes unstable when Lorentz boosted. According to the conventional interpretation, these features reflect a fundamental incompatibility with special relativity. In this Letter, we show that this…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 022302] Published Wed Jul 08, 2026

In relativity, relaxation processes are often assumed to undergo time dilation under Lorentz boosts. We show that this intuition fails generically. Because of relativity of simultaneity, Lorentz boosts can split a single relaxation mode into a continuum of excitations, with a width set by the maxima…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 022301] Published Tue Jul 07, 2026

Recent models of the rapid proton ($rp$) capture process indicate that a competition between the ${}^{59}\mathrm{Cu}(p,\gamma ){}^{60}\mathrm{Zn}$ and ${}^{59}\mathrm{Cu}(p,\alpha ){}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ reactions may result in the formation of a nickel-copper (NiCu) cycle that traps the flux of material between ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ and ${}^{60}\mathrm{Zn}$. Here, we report the identification of 15 proton-…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 022701] Published Mon Jul 06, 2026

The multifaceted decay properties of ${}^{116}\mathrm{Cs}$ near the proton drip line have been studied at ISOLDE, CERN. More than six new unbound states of ${}^{116}\mathrm{Xe}$ have been identified. A novel phenomenon of low energy isoscalar octupole resonance has been observed. After proton decay, that state populates both ${11/2}^{+}$…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 012501] Published Mon Jun 29, 2026

The dipole response of ${}^{102}\mathrm{Ru}$ has been investigated for the first time using nuclear resonance fluorescence, providing comprehensive and detailed information about the nucleus. The $M1$ strength, concentrated in the 3–4 MeV region, is consistent with a scissors resonance. As a surprising new feature, a…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 252501] Published Tue Jun 23, 2026

Nuclear time-dependent density functional theory is used to investigate spin generation and entanglement of fission fragments in spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$, incorporating both axial and nonaxial deformations. Axially symmetric fission trajectories enforce strict constraints: counterrotation (twist…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 252502] Published Tue Jun 23, 2026

The observation of active ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$ in supernova remnants offers the potential to solve one of the most debated questions in modern astrophysics, the exact underlying explosion mechanism of core collapse supernovae (CCSNe). In particular, a comparison between the predicted synthesized yield of ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$ and t…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 252701] Published Tue Jun 23, 2026

Precise experimental information on hyperon-nucleon interactions is scarce but of paramount importance to our understanding of the inner structure of compact stars. In this Letter, we report the first experimental results of correlation functions between deuterons ($d$) and $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ hyperons in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisi…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 242303] Published Thu Jun 18, 2026

We report the first evidence of spin interference in exclusive $J/\psi \to e^{+}{e}^{-}$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions at STAR at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\mathrm{GeV}$. In $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions, a negative $\cos (2\varphi )$ modulation is found for $p_T<120\mathrm{MeV}/c$ with a significance of $3.2\sigma$, while the isobar data ($\mathrm{Ru}+\mathrm{Ru}$, $\mathrm{Zr}+\text{Zr}$) …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 242302] Published Wed Jun 17, 2026

A century ago, Wigner’s SU(4) symmetry was introduced to explain the properties of atomic nuclei. Despite recent revived interest, its impact on nuclear structure, transitions, and reactions has not been fully explored. Here, we show that a variety of high-fidelity nuclear interactions predict nucle…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 242501] Published Wed Jun 17, 2026

The trace anomaly of dense matter, $\mathrm{\Delta }\equiv 1/3-P/ϵ$, defined through the ratio $w\equiv P/ϵ$ of pressure $P$ to energy density $ϵ$, quantifies deviations from conformal symmetry and provides a dimensionless measure of the stiffness of the equation of state (EOS) relevant for both neutron stars and heavy-ion collisions…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 242301] Published Mon Jun 15, 2026

Heavy flavor production serves as an ideal probe of the hadronization mechanism of the quark-gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We study charm-quark hadronization using Langevin transport in the medium together with a sequential coalescence model. Since $D_s$ forms earlier than ${\dots }^{}$

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 232301] Published Fri Jun 12, 2026

Using the time-of-flight technique, we measured the beta-delayed neutron emission of ${}^{132}\mathrm{Cd}$. From our large-scale shell model (LSSM) calculation using the ${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LO}$ interaction [, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 022501 (2023)], we suggest the decay is dominated by the transformation of a neutron in the $g_{7/2}$ orbital…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 232504] Published Thu Jun 11, 2026

Tetrahedral symmetry has long been predicted as an exotic shape degree of freedom in atomic nuclei, yet clear experimental manifestations remain elusive. We show that the triple binding energy difference $\delta V_{pn}^{(3)}$ can isolate a structural effect of tetrahedral symmetry in ${}^{80}\mathrm{Zr}$. Using relativistic dens…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 232503] Published Wed Jun 10, 2026

Nuclear mass is a key indicator of how the nuclear shell structure evolves. The recent mass measurement study of neutron-rich lanthanum isotopes [Jaries et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 042501 (2025)] reveals the presence of a distinct prominence in their two-neutron separation energies. However, its p…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 232501] Published Tue Jun 09, 2026

EXO-200 was a leading double beta decay experiment consisting of a single-phase, enriched liquid xenon time projection chamber filled with an admixture of 80.672% ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ and 19.098% ${}^{134}\mathrm{Xe}$. The detector operated at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant between 2010 and 2018 and was designed to search for do…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 232502] Published Tue Jun 09, 2026

Experimental observations of the low-lying states in ${}^{12}\mathrm{Be}$ and their accurate modeling play an essential role in understanding the disappearance of the $N=8$ magic number. Long-standing experimental ambiguities have been clarified using an one-neutron adding ($d$, $p$) reaction on ${}^{11}\mathrm{Be}$ using the ISOLDE Sol…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 222501] Published Tue Jun 02, 2026

In the last decades, femtoscopic measurements from heavy-ion collisions have become a popular tool to investigate the strong interactions between hadrons. The key observables measured in such experiments are the two-hadron momentum correlations, which depend on the production mechanism of hadron pai…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 212301] Published Wed May 27, 2026

We introduce the $p_T$-differential radial flow $v_0(p_T)$ in the heavy-quark sector. Within an event-by-event Langevin framework, we show that this observable exhibits a strong sensitivity to the heavy quark-bulk interaction. It provides a powerful and novel tool to constrain the transport coefficients of…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 212302] Published Wed May 27, 2026

A new experiment settles a controversy over proton and neutron energies in light nuclei.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 212501] Published Wed May 27, 2026

The photodisintegration cross sections of the deuteron have been systematically measured over the photon energy range of 2.33–19.65 MeV at the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source. By applying the well-established Baldin sum rule to the newly obtained data, the sum of the electric and magnetic dipol…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 212502] Published Wed May 27, 2026

We report the decisive resolution of the ground state spin and parity of the proton–drip line nucleus ${}^{22}\mathrm{Al}$, a prime candidate for a proton halo. The resolution stems from the first $\beta$-delayed charged particle emission experiment in the gas stopping area at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 202503] Published Wed May 20, 2026

Constructing fast and accurate surrogate models is a key ingredient for making robust predictions in many topics. We introduce a new model, the multiparameter eigenvalue problem (MEP) emulator. The new method connects emulators and can make predictions directly from observables to observables. We sh…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 202502] Published Tue May 19, 2026

Experiments using intermediate- to high-energy radioactive nuclear beams present numerous findings. Extracting important properties of physical observables relies on a firm theoretical analysis. Though Glauber theory is believed to work well, no convincing calculation has so far been done. We perfor…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 202501] Published Mon May 18, 2026

We report on high-resolution laser spectroscopy of ${}^{255}\mathrm{Fm}$ ($T_{1/2}=20\mathrm{h}$), one of the heaviest nuclides available from reactor breeding. The hyperfine structures in two different atomic ground-state transitions at 398.4 nm and 398.2 nm were probed by in-source laser spectroscopy at the RISIKO mass separ…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 192501] Published Fri May 15, 2026

Iron-60 buried in Antarctica reveals changes in the local interstellar environment.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 192701] Published Wed May 13, 2026

We derive a formulation of relativistic spin hydrodynamics with totally antisymmetric spin tensors that satisfy the Frenkel-Mathisson-Pirani condition. In our proposed spin hydrodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics is fulfilled by the spin-induced corrections in the heat flow, the viscous tens…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 182301] Published Wed May 06, 2026

$\beta$-decay rates of extreme neutron-rich nuclei remain largely unknown experimentally, while they are critical inputs for $r$-process nucleosynthesis. We present first ab initio calculations of total $\beta$-decay half-lives, with a focus on $N=50$ nuclei. Starting from nuclear forces and currents based on chira…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 182501] Published Tue May 05, 2026

Although light nuclear clusters are known to form abundantly in warm and dilute nuclear matter, their role in hot and dense nuclear matter remains unclear due to the lack of experimental indication for their modifications by the Mott effect under such conditions. To address this issue, we resort to …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 172301] Published Fri May 01, 2026

The weak binding and spatially extended neutron densities characteristic of drip-line nuclei give rise to a distinctive low-energy dipole response. The drip-line nucleus ${}^8\mathrm{He}$ is the most neutron-rich bound nucleus with a mass-to-charge ratio of $A/Z=4$. We measure the dipole response of ${}^8\mathrm{He}$, including …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 172501] Published Fri May 01, 2026

Finding high-quality trial wave functions for quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei requires a strong intuition for modeling the interparticle correlations as well as large computational resources for exploring the space of variational parameters. Moreover, for systems with three-body int…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 172502] Published Fri May 01, 2026

The simultaneous emission of two $\alpha$ particles—double-$\alpha$ decay—represents a long-predicted but unobserved mode of nuclear radioactivity. Here, we formulate this process as a genuine three-body problem within the hyperspherical coordinate framework and evaluate decay probabilities by numerically solving…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 172503] Published Fri May 01, 2026

Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider have observed evidence that indicates that even light nuclei can produce an exotic state of matter called quark–gluon plasma.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 162301] Published Wed Apr 22, 2026

The continuous spectrum of double beta decay ($\beta \beta$) provides a sensitive probe to test the predictions of the standard model and to search for signatures of new physics beyond it. We present a comprehensive analysis of the ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ $\beta \beta$ spectrum utilizing $39.1\pm 0.7\mathrm{kg}·\mathrm{yr}$ of ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ exposure from the PandaX-4…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 162501] Published Tue Apr 21, 2026

We performed high-precision decay-pion spectroscopy of light $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ hypernuclei at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) using the A1 spectrometer facility. By measuring the monochromatic ${\pi }^{-}$ momentum from the two-body weak decay ${}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }}{}^3\mathrm{H}\to {}^3\mathrm{He}+{\pi }^{-}$ and referencing it to the ${}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }}{}^4\mathrm{H}\to {}^4\mathrm{He}+{\pi }^{-}$ decay, we determined the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ binding ener…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 152301] Published Fri Apr 17, 2026

The lifetime of the $J^{\pi }=2^{+}$ state in the self-conjugate ${}^{88}\mathrm{Ru}$ nucleus has been determined in an experiment performed using rare-isotope beams provided by the new Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. This is the heaviest $N=Z$ nucleus for which such a measurement has been achieved. ${}^{88}\mathrm{Ru}$ was populated by both …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 152501] Published Fri Apr 17, 2026

The nature of the tetraneutron ($4n$) system remains a pivotal question in nuclear physics. We investigate the $4n$ system using nuclear lattice effective field theory in finite volumes with a lattice size up to $L=30\mathrm{fm}$, employing both a high-precision ${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LO}$ interaction and a simplified SU(4) symmetric …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 142502] Published Fri Apr 10, 2026

Experiments with a proton beam striking a carbon target have uncovered events that may be due to a short-lived meson residing within a nucleus.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 142501] Published Tue Apr 07, 2026

This Letter reports the first measurement of photonuclear $D^0$ meson production in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions. The study is performed using lead-lead collision data, with an integrated luminosity of $1.34{\mathrm{nb}}^{-1}$, collected by the CMS experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.3…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 122303] Published Thu Mar 26, 2026

Collider experiments involving nuclei provide a direct means of studying exotic states of nuclear matter. Recent measurements of energy correlators in both proton-nucleus (p-A) and nucleus-nucleus (A-A) collisions reveal sizable modifications, attributable to nuclear effects, compared to proton-prot…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 122301] Published Tue Mar 24, 2026

We report measurements of charmonium sequential suppression in $\mathrm{Ru}+\mathrm{Ru}$ and $\mathrm{Zr}+\mathrm{Zr}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200\mathrm{GeV}$ with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The inclusive yield ratio of $\psi (2\mathrm{S})$ to $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ as a function of transverse momentum is reported, along with the centrality depe…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 122302] Published Tue Mar 24, 2026

Nuclear radius is a fundamental structural observable that informs many properties of atomic nuclei and nuclear matter. Experimental studies of radii in drip line nuclei are in the forefront of research with radioactive ion beams. Of particular interest are charge radii of proton-unbound nuclei that…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 122501] Published Tue Mar 24, 2026

The differential radial flow fluctuation $v_0(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ has emerged as a new probe of the quark-gluon plasma. However, its characteristic rise-and-fall pattern with $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, resembling anisotropic flow, remains unexplained. I introduce a momentum rescaling framework that factorizes $v_0(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ into kinematic and dyna…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 112301] Published Thu Mar 19, 2026

Nuclear Schiff moments (NSMs) are sensitive probes for physics beyond the standard model of particle physics signaling violations of time-reversal and parity-inversion symmetries in atomic nuclei. In this Letter, we report the first-ever calculation of a NSM in a nuclear ab initio framework, employi…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 112501] Published Thu Mar 19, 2026

We present a novel multimessenger approach to extract the effective radial flow of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by jointly analyzing thermal photon and dilepton spectra in heavy-ion collisions. A key feature of this method is that it circumvents the need for a directly unmeasurable reference—the pho…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 102301] Published Wed Mar 11, 2026

In an experiment performed at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) using the FRIB Decay Station initiator, 15 new half-lives of isotopes near ${}^{54}\mathrm{Ca}$ were measured. A new method of extracting lifetimes from experimental data, taking into account the unknown $\beta$-delayed neutron emission branches of …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 092502] Published Wed Mar 04, 2026

The triply charged thorium-229 ion (${{}^{229}\mathrm{Th}}^{3+}$) has been identified as a promising candidate for the development of ultraprecise nuclear clocks. In this Letter, we investigate how the electron structure of this ion, particularly the single valence electron, influences the nucleus through nuclear hyperf…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 092503] Published Wed Mar 04, 2026

Incorporating nuclear shell effects within the framework of orbital-free density functional theory (DFT) has remained a long-standing challenge in nuclear physics. While the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem formally guarantees the existence of an orbital-free density functional that is capable of describing a…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 092501] Published Mon Mar 02, 2026

The initial-state geometry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions provides a novel probe to nuclear cluster structure. For ${}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, a novel approach is proposed to distinguish between the cluster configurations ($5\alpha$ versus $\alpha +{}^{16}\mathrm{O}$) in order to gain insight into nuclear structure transitions governed by many…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 082302] Published Fri Feb 27, 2026

Recent experimental data show an unexpectedly large spin alignment of $\varphi$ mesons in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, which can be explained by short-distance fluctuations of strong-force fields (vector $\varphi$ fields) within the constituent-quark model. We calculate the hyperon spin correlations within the…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 082301] Published Thu Feb 26, 2026

Delayed $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy was performed for evaporation residues produced in the ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ reaction. A new isomer in ${}_{70}{}^{150}\mathrm{Yb}$ ($Z=70$, $N=80$) with a half-life of $0.62(5)\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{s}$ was identified at an excitation energy of 2872(2) keV. Its spin-parity is assigned as (${10}^{+}$) and a decay scheme is proposed bas…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 082503] Published Thu Feb 26, 2026

Magnetic dipole, $M1$, strengths were studied in semimagic ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$ up to the neutron-separation threshold by combining data from $(d,p)$ one-neutron transfer, $(\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime })$ real-photon scattering, $(e,e^{\prime })$ inelastic scattering at extreme backward angles, and $(p,p^{\prime })$ at $E_p=210\mathrm{MeV}$ and extreme forward angles. The com…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 082502] Published Tue Feb 24, 2026

We present a novel emulation scheme for ab initio many-body nuclear calculations that integrates a hierarchical framework with a Bayesian neural network. This approach enables accurate and simultaneous predictions of nuclear properties across entire isotopic chains and is broadly applicable to diffe…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 082501] Published Mon Feb 23, 2026

The identification of the first multiphonon $\gamma$-vibrational bands in an odd-odd neutron-rich nucleus of the nuclear chart is presented. These high-spin structures of hard to access ${}_{41}{}^{104}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{63}$, produced in fission, were studied by combining a spectrometer with isotopic resolution coupled to a $\gamma$-ray trac…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 072501] Published Wed Feb 18, 2026

The Chern theorem is applied to intrinsically deformed atomic nuclei, leading to states exhibiting topological quantization of the rotation-aligned component of angular momentum averaged over Hilbert space. These topologically quantized alignment (TQA) states can emerge when collective rotation brea…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 062502] Published Thu Feb 12, 2026

We present the first ab initio lattice calculations of the proton-rich tin isotopes ${}^{99}\mathrm{Sn}$ to ${}^{102}\mathrm{Sn}$ using nuclear lattice effective field theory with high-fidelity two- and three-nucleon forces. For a given set of three-nucleon couplings, we reproduce binding energies with $\sim 1\%$ accuracy for the even–ev…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 062501] Published Wed Feb 11, 2026

A new experiment shows that isomer depletion can be effectively induced when the highly charged isomeric ions slow down in a solid media.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 052502] Published Fri Feb 06, 2026

We report on a high-precision measurement of the $\mathrm{D}(\gamma ,n)p$ photodisintegration reaction at the newly commissioned Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source, employing a quasimonochromatic $\gamma$-ray beam from Laser Compton Scattering. The cross sections were determined over $E_{\gamma }=2.327–7.089\mathrm{MeV}$, achieving up to …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 052701] Published Wed Feb 04, 2026

Calculations show how the mysterious “magic numbers” that stabilize nuclear structures emerge naturally from nuclear forces—once these are described with appropriate spatial resolution.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 052501] Published Mon Feb 02, 2026

We introduce a variational Monte Carlo framework that combines neural-network quantum states with the Lorentz integral transform technique to compute the dynamical properties of self-bound quantum many-body systems in continuous Hilbert spaces. While broadly applicable to various quantum systems, in…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 032501] Published Fri Jan 23, 2026

Two different LHC measurements of a novel observable $v_0(p_T)$ for the radial flow of quark-gluon plasma again confirms the collective hydrodynamic behavior of the plasma.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 032301] Published Thu Jan 22, 2026

Two different LHC measurements of a novel observable $v_0(p_T)$ for the radial flow of quark-gluon plasma again confirms the collective hydrodynamic behavior of the plasma.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 032302] Published Thu Jan 22, 2026

The LEGEND Collaboration is searching for neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu \beta \beta$) decay by operating high-purity germanium detectors enriched in ${}^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$ in a low-background liquid argon environment. Building on key technological innovations from the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment and the MAJORANA …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 022701] Published Fri Jan 16, 2026

We discover a surprising relation between the collective motion of nucleons within atomic nuclei, traditionally understood to be driven by long-range correlations, and short-range nucleon-nucleon interactions. Specifically, we find that quadrupole collectivity in low-lying states of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, cal…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 022501] Published Tue Jan 13, 2026

We present a search for neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu \beta \beta$) decay of ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ using the full KamLAND-Zen 800 dataset with 745 kg of enriched xenon, corresponding to an exposure of 2.1 ton yr of ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$. This updated search benefits from a more than twofold increase in exposure, recovery of photo-sensor gain,…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 262501] Published Mon Dec 29, 2025

The first observation of coherent $\varphi (1020)$ meson photoproduction off heavy nuclei is presented using ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.36 TeV. The data were collected by the CMS experiment and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $1.62\mathrm{\mu }{b}^{-1}$. Th…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 262301] Published Mon Dec 22, 2025

Shape coexistence, a collective manifestation of nuclear structure, emerges from the underlying single-particle dynamics and is prominently observed in the region below ${}^{68}\mathrm{Ni}$. Theoretical studies have emphasized the key role of the $\nu d_{5/2}$ orbital, the quadrupole partner of $\nu g_{9/2}$, in driving deformatio…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 252502] Published Fri Dec 19, 2025

Evidence for a (sub)-shell closure at $Z=14$ has been observed from the spectroscopy of ${}^{22}\mathrm{Si}$ and ${}^{21}\mathrm{Al}$. Using a fast ${}^{23}\mathrm{Si}$ beam on a ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ target, several proton-decaying resonances have been populated in ${}^{21}\mathrm{Al}$ and ${}^{22}\mathrm{Si}$, including the first measurement of the $2_1^{+}$ state in ${}^{22}\mathrm{Si}$ with an excitation energy of …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 252501] Published Tue Dec 16, 2025

We discuss a universal nonequilibrium enhancement of long-wavelength Goldstone bosons induced by quenches to the broken phase in Model G—the dynamical universality class of an $O(4)$ antiferromagnet and the chiral phase transition in QCD. Scaling arguments for the coarsening dynamics describing the fo…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 242303] Published Fri Dec 12, 2025

Recent studies have completed the $A=16$ isospin quintets for states with $J^{\pi }=0^{+}$ and $2^{+}$. The dependence of their masses as a function of isospin projection shows evidence for deviations from quadratic behavior indicating isospin violation beyond the expectation from two-body forces. The deviation is mo…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 242502] Published Fri Dec 12, 2025

This Letter introduces a unified emulation framework for studying continuum physics in finite quantum systems. Using a reduced basis method, we construct powerful emulators for the inhomogeneous Schrödinger equation that operate in a combined parameter space of complex energy ($E$) and other inputs ($\mathit{\theta }$…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 242501] Published Tue Dec 09, 2025

Kinetic equilibration at late times is physically required for heavy particles in a finite temperature medium. In Fokker-Planck dynamics, it is ensured by the Einstein relation between the drag and longitudinal momentum diffusion coefficients. However, in certain gauge field theories, this relation …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 242301] Published Mon Dec 08, 2025

The D-measure of net-charge fluctuations quantifies the variance of net charge in strongly interacting matter. It was introduced over 20 years ago as a potential signal of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions, where it is expected to be suppressed due to the fractional electric charges o…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 242302] Published Mon Dec 08, 2025

The half-lives of 24 isotopes ranging from sulfur to potassium were measured using the ZeroDegree Advanced Decay Station at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory, including six of the most neutron-rich—${}^{47}\mathrm{S}$, ${}^{48,49}\mathrm{Cl}$, ${}^{51,52}\mathrm{Ar}$, ${}^{55}\mathrm{K}$—for the first time, while the precision for ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ar}$ and ${}^{53,54}\mathrm{K}$ was signific…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 232501] Published Tue Dec 02, 2025

A long-standing discrepancy between measured and predicted beam-normal single-spin asymmetries $A_n$ in elastic electron scattering off ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ has challenged our understanding of two-photon exchange (TPE) in heavy nuclei. We report a new measurement at 570 MeV and $Q^2=0.04{\mathrm{GeV}}^2/c^2$, yielding $A_n=[-9.1\pm 2.1\dots$

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 232502] Published Tue Dec 02, 2025

The solar composition problem has puzzled astrophysicists for more than 20 years. Recent measurements of carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) neutrinos by the Borexino experiment show a $\sim 2\sigma$ tension with the “low-metallicity” determinations. ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}(p,\gamma {)}^{15}\mathrm{O}$, the slowest reaction in the CNO cycle, plays a crucial…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 232701] Published Tue Dec 02, 2025

The construction of a sign-problem-free nuclear quantum Monte Carlo simulation is able to reproduce binding energies of a wide range of nuclei.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 222504] Published Wed Nov 26, 2025

We report nuclear charge radii for the isotopes ${}^{104–134}\mathrm{Sn}$, measured using two different collinear laser spectroscopy techniques at ISOLDE-CERN. These measurements clarify the archlike trend in charge radii along the isotopic chain and reveal an odd-even staggering that is more pronounced near the $N=\mathrm{\dots }$

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 222501] Published Tue Nov 25, 2025

The Sn isotopic chain, exhibiting double shell closures at ${}^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$ and ${}^{132}\mathrm{Sn}$, is a key testing ground for theoretical models of the atomic nucleus. It was originally predicted that the transitional matrix elements between the first $2^{+}$ state and the $0^{+}$ ground state for the even-even isotopes in this ch…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 222502] Published Tue Nov 25, 2025