We construct families of exotic spin-$1/2$ chains using a procedure called “hard rod deformation.” We treat both integrable and nonintegrable examples. The models possess a large noncommutative symmetry algebra, which is generated by matrix product operators with a fixed small bond dimension. The symm…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 037101] Published Tue Jul 18, 2023

At large scales of space and time, the nonequilibrium dynamics of local observables in extensive many-body systems is well described by hydrodynamics. At the Euler scale, one assumes that each mesoscopic region independently reaches a state of maximal entropy under the constraints given by the avail…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 027101] Published Fri Jul 14, 2023

A new theory allows researchers to determine the ability of arbitrarily complex neural networks to perform recognition tasks on data with intricate structure.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 027301] Published Wed Jul 12, 2023

We identify a new scenario for dynamical phase transitions associated with time-integrated observables occurring in diffusive systems described by the macroscopic fluctuation theory. It is characterized by the pairwise meeting of first- and second-order bias-induced phase transition curves at two tr…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 017102] Published Fri Jul 07, 2023

When a hot system cools down faster than an equivalent cold one, it exhibits the Mpemba effect (ME). This counterintuitive phenomenon was observed in several systems including water, magnetic alloys, and polymers. In most experiments the system is coupled to the bath through its boundaries, but all …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 017101] Published Thu Jul 06, 2023

We analyze transport on a graph with multiple constraints and where the weight of the edges connecting the nodes is a dynamical variable. The network dynamics results from the interplay between a nonlinear function of the flow, dissipation, and Gaussian, additive noise. For a given set of parameters…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 267401] Published Fri Jun 30, 2023

Irreversibility is commonly quantified by entropy production. An external observer can estimate it through measuring an observable that is antisymmetric under time reversal like a current. We introduce a general framework that allows us to infer a lower bound on entropy production through measuring …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 257101] Published Fri Jun 23, 2023

We compute the typical number of equilibria of the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations describing species-rich ecosystems with random, nonreciprocal interactions using the replicated Kac-Rice method. We characterize the multiple-equilibria phase by determining the average abundance and similarity b…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 257401] Published Wed Jun 21, 2023

Numerical simulations of the Hamiltonian Potts model show that metastable states in equilibrium are controlled by a weak heat flux.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 247102] Published Thu Jun 15, 2023

Contagion processes on networks, including disease spreading, information diffusion, or social behaviors propagation, can be modeled as simple contagion, i.e., as a contagion process involving one connection at a time, or as complex contagion, in which multiple interactions are needed for a contagio…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 247401] Published Thu Jun 15, 2023

We analyze the onset of diffusive hydrodynamics in the one-dimensional hard-rod gas subject to stochastic backscattering. While this perturbation breaks integrability and leads to a crossover from ballistic to diffusive transport, it preserves infinitely many conserved quantities corresponding to ev…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 247101] Published Tue Jun 13, 2023

We introduce a simple model of diffusive jump process where a fee is charged for each jump. The nonlinear cost function is such that slow jumps incur a flat fee, while for fast jumps the cost is proportional to the velocity of the jump. The model—inspired by the way taxi meters work—exhibits a very …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 237102] Published Thu Jun 08, 2023

We calculate the average number of critical points $\overline{\mathcal{N}}$ of the energy landscape of a many-body system with disordered two-body interactions and a weak on-site potential. We find that introducing a weak nonlinear on-site potential dramatically increases $\overline{\mathcal{N}}$ to exponential in system size and give a compl…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 237103] Published Thu Jun 08, 2023

Generalization is one of the most important problems in deep learning, where there exist many low-loss solutions due to overparametrization. Previous empirical studies showed a strong correlation between flatness of the loss landscape at a solution and its generalizability, and stochastic gradient d…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 237101] Published Wed Jun 07, 2023

A theory derived from nonlinear fluid dynamics is able to reproduce the formation dynamics of online hate communities—offering insights that could inform public policies.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 237401] Published Mon Jun 05, 2023

By exploiting a phenomenon called stochastic resonance, sensors can perform better in a noisy environment than in a noise-free setting.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 227201] Published Fri Jun 02, 2023

We introduce range-controlled random walks with hopping rates depending on the range $\mathcal{N}$, that is, the total number of previously distinct visited sites. We analyze a one-parameter class of models with a hopping rate ${\mathcal{N}}^a$ and determine the large time behavior of the average range, as well as its complet…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 227101] Published Tue May 30, 2023

To date, the vast majority of architected materials have leveraged two physical principles to control wave behavior, namely, Bragg interference and local resonances. Here, we describe a third path: structures that accommodate a finite number of delocalized zero-energy modes, leading to anomalous dis…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 207201] Published Fri May 19, 2023

A phase transition in the out-of-equilibrium dynamics can occur with a rather simple mechanism: a small change in a parameter (e.g. the temperature of the thermal bath) can force the system to explore completely different configurations during the relaxation process.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 207103] Published Thu May 18, 2023

Anomalous diffusion phenomena occur on length scales spanning from intracellular to astrophysical ranges. A specific form of decay at a large argument of the probability density function of rescaled displacement (scaling function) is derived and shown to imply universal singularities in the normaliz…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 207104] Published Thu May 18, 2023

Understanding the dynamics of opinion depolarization is pivotal to reducing the political divide in our society. We propose an opinion dynamics model, which we name the social compass model, for interdependent topics represented in a polar space, where zealots holding extreme opinions are less prone…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 207401] Published Wed May 17, 2023

A new, experimentally realizable, many-particle model that can be solved exactly describes a resetting gas with strong, long-range interactions in the steady state.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 207101] Published Tue May 16, 2023

We propose a mean-field theory to describe the nonequilibrium phase transition to a spontaneously oscillating state in spin models. A nonequilibrium generalization of the Landau free energy is obtained from the joint distribution of the magnetization and its smoothed stochastic time derivative. The …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 207102] Published Tue May 16, 2023

Bistable objects that are pushed between states by an external field are often used as a simple model to study memory formation in disordered materials. Such systems, called hysterons, are typically treated quasistatically. Here, we generalize hysterons to explore the effect of dynamics in a simple …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 197201] Published Fri May 12, 2023

When a spatially localized stress is applied to a growing one-dimensional interface, the interface deforms. This deformation is described by the effective surface tension representing the stiffness of the interface. We present that the stiffness exhibits divergent behavior in the large system size l…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 197101] Published Mon May 08, 2023

Interfaces of phase-separated systems roughen in time due to capillary waves. Because of fluxes in the bulk, their dynamics is nonlocal in real space and is not described by the Edwards-Wilkinson or Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equations, nor their conserved counterparts. We show that, in the absence o…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 187102] Published Wed May 03, 2023

We present the finite-size Kuramoto model analytically continued from real to complex variables and analyze its collective dynamics. For strong coupling, synchrony appears through locked states that constitute attractors, as for the real-variable system. However, synchrony persists in the form of co…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 187201] Published Wed May 03, 2023

Topological obstruction impedes odd dimensional signals from globally synchronizing in simplicial complexes, while cell complexes can overcome this obstruction and in some structures, signals of any dimension can achieve global synchronization.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 187401] Published Wed May 03, 2023

We discover a deep connection between parity-time symmetric optical systems and quantum transport in one-dimensional fermionic chains in a two-terminal open system setting. The spectrum of one dimensional tight-binding chain with periodic on-site potential can be obtained by casting the problem in t…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 187101] Published Tue May 02, 2023

Searching for key nodes and edges in a network is a long-standing problem. Recently cycle structure in a network has received more attention. Is it possible to propose a ranking algorithm for cycle importance? We address the problem of identifying the key cycles of a network. First, we provide a mor…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 187402] Published Tue May 02, 2023

We report solutions for stable compound solitons in a three-dimensional quasi-phase-matched photonic crystal with the quadratic (${\chi }^{(2)}$) nonlinearity. The photonic crystal is introduced with a checkerboard structure, which can be realized by means of the available technology. The solitons are built as…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 157203] Published Wed Apr 12, 2023

We propose a universal framework to compute record age statistics of a stochastic time series that undergoes random restarts. The proposed framework makes minimal assumptions on the underlying process and is furthermore suited to treat generic restart protocols going beyond the Markovian setting. Af…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 157101] Published Tue Apr 11, 2023

Defective spectral degeneracy, known as exceptional point (EP), lies at the heart of various intriguing phenomena in optics, acoustics, and other nonconservative systems. Despite extensive studies in the past two decades, the collective behaviors (e.g., annihilation, coalescence, braiding, etc.) inv…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 157201] Published Tue Apr 11, 2023

The dynamics generated by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are often less intuitive than those of conventional Hermitian systems. Even for models as simple as a complexified harmonic oscillator, the dynamics for generic initial states shows surprising features. Here we analyze the dynamics of the Husimi d…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 157202] Published Tue Apr 11, 2023

Explosive percolation in the Achlioptas process, which has attracted much research attention, is known to exhibit a rich variety of critical phenomena that are anomalous from the perspective of continuous phase transitions. Hereby, we show that, in an event-based ensemble, the critical behaviors in …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 147101] Published Tue Apr 04, 2023

Rigid-body displacement and deformation constitute the total displacement field of a solid. Harnessing the former calls for well-organized kinematic elements, and controlling the latter allows for creation of shape-morphing materials. A solid capable of simultaneously controlling both rigid-body dis…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 147201] Published Tue Apr 04, 2023

We use projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) to calculate the large deviation statistics of the dynamical activity of the two-dimensional East model, and the two-dimensional symmetric simple exclusion process (SSEP) with open boundaries, in lattices of up to $40\times 40$ sites. We show that at long times …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 147401] Published Tue Apr 04, 2023

The eigenvalue spectrum of a random matrix often only depends on the first and second moments of its elements, but not on the specific distribution from which they are drawn. The validity of this universality principle is often assumed without proof in applications. In this Letter, we offer a pertin…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 137401] Published Tue Mar 28, 2023

We first consider a deterministic gas of $N$ solitons for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger (FNLS) equation in the limit $N\to \infty$ with a point spectrum chosen to interpolate a given spectral soliton density over a bounded domain of the complex spectral plane. We show that when the domain is a disk and the…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 127201] Published Thu Mar 23, 2023

Reconstructing network dynamics from data is crucial for predicting the changes in the dynamics of complex systems such as neuron networks; however, previous research has shown that the reconstruction is possible under strong constraints such as the need for lengthy data or small system size. Here, …

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 117401] Published Wed Mar 15, 2023

We introduce a new model consisting of globally coupled high-dimensional generalized limit-cycle oscillators, which explicitly incorporates the role of amplitude dynamics of individual units in the collective dynamics. In the limit of weak coupling, our model reduces to the $D$-dimensional Kuramoto ph…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 107202] Published Wed Mar 08, 2023

Repulsive oscillator networks can exhibit multiple cooperative rhythms, including chimera and cluster splay states. Yet, understanding which rhythm prevails remains challenging. Here, we address this fundamental question in the context of Kuramoto-Sakaguchi networks of rotators with higher-order Fou…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 107201] Published Tue Mar 07, 2023

Controlling thermodynamic cycles to minimize the dissipated heat is a long-standing goal in thermodynamics, and more recently, a central challenge in stochastic thermodynamics for nanoscale systems. Here, we introduce a theoretical and computational framework for optimizing nonequilibrium control pr…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 107101] Published Mon Mar 06, 2023

Despite the huge number of neurons composing a brain network, ongoing activity of local cell assemblies is intrinsically stochastic. Fluctuations in their instantaneous rate of spike firing $\nu (t)$ scale with the size of the assembly and persist in isolated networks, i.e., in the absence of external so…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 097402] Published Thu Mar 02, 2023

An analytic approach for obtaining rigorous bounds on tipping points for general nonlinear cooperative networks makes it possible to calculate accurately the criteria for the collapse of such networks.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 097401] Published Mon Feb 27, 2023

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) bound the dissipation in nonequilibrium systems from below by fluctuations of an observed current. Contrasting the elaborate techniques employed in existing proofs, we here prove TURs directly from the Langevin equation. This establishes the TUR as an inher…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 087101] Published Thu Feb 23, 2023

Damping is usually associated with irreversibility. Here, we present a counterintuitive concept to achieve time reversal of waves propagating in a lossless medium using a transitory dissipation pulse. Applying a sudden and strong damping in a limited time generates a time-reversed wave. In the limit…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 087201] Published Wed Feb 22, 2023

We consider short-range Ising spin glasses in equilibrium at infinite system size, and prove that, for fixed bond realization and a given Gibbs state drawn from a suitable metastate, each translation and locally invariant function (for example, self-overlaps) of a single pure state in the decomposit…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 077102] Published Fri Feb 17, 2023

Nonradiative wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has made considerable progress with the application of the parity-time (PT) symmetry concept. In this Letter, we extend the standard second-order PT-symmetric Hamiltonian to a high-order symmetric tridiagonal pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian, relaxin…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 077202] Published Thu Feb 16, 2023

An analytical model paired with precise experimental measurements explains the origin of the complex dynamics of a colloidal particle close to a flat surface.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 077101] Published Wed Feb 15, 2023

Latent symmetries are hidden symmetries which become manifest by performing a reduction of a given discrete system into an effective lower-dimensional one. We show how latent symmetries can be leveraged for continuous wave setups in the form of acoustic networks. These are systematically designed to…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 077201] Published Wed Feb 15, 2023

Phase transitions in equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems play a major role in the natural sciences. In dynamical networks, phase transitions organize qualitative changes in the collective behavior of coupled dynamical units. Adaptive dynamical networks feature a connectivity structure that change…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 067402] Published Fri Feb 10, 2023

We consider fluctuation-dissipation relations (FDRs) for a Brownian motion under renewal resetting with arbitrary waiting time distribution between the resetting events. We show that if the distribution of waiting times of the resetting process possesses the second moment, the usual (generalized) FD…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 067101] Published Thu Feb 09, 2023

Real-world datasets characterized by discrete features are ubiquitous: from categorical surveys to clinical questionnaires, from unweighted networks to DNA sequences. Nevertheless, the most common unsupervised dimensional reduction methods are designed for continuous spaces, and their use for discre…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 067401] Published Wed Feb 08, 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) two-band Hopf insulators are a paradigmatic example of topological phases beyond the topological classifications based on powerful methods like $K$ theory and symmetry indicators. Since this class of topological insulating phases was theoretically proposed in 2008, they have att…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 057201] Published Thu Feb 02, 2023

Homophilic interactions drive the formation dynamics of social groups, according to a model of opinions expressed on social networks which uses a spin-glass framework.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 057401] Published Mon Jan 30, 2023

Polarization is a ubiquitous phenomenon in social systems. Empirical studies document substantial evidence for opinion polarization across social media, showing a typical bipolarized pattern devising individuals into two groups with opposite opinions. While coevolving network models have been propos…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 037401] Published Wed Jan 18, 2023

Topologically braided non-Hermitian Bloch bands in acoustics are synthesized by a simple binary cavity-tube system.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 017201] Published Thu Jan 05, 2023